It is really important to frame your relationship with AI in a way that allows you to get the most utility from it while avoiding as much downside as possible. Below is a synthesis of frameworks and mental models drawn from my day-to-day work at MIT and conversations with industry experts, as of 06/25/2025.

Pragmatic Engineer's useful diagram

Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)

References

  1. Andrej Karpathy @ Y-Combinator – Software Is Changing (Again)